Revelation 22: Epilogue, Part One

Revelation 22:6-9

The Epilogue of Revelation concludes with (1) promise, (2) exhortation, and (3). confirmation in order to….

(1) drive home to our hearts the message of the visions, and
(2) stir up hope for the coming of the Lord Jesus (22: 20). (see Poythress, below; emphasis mine.) 

“The epilogue shows clearly that the purpose of the book is to induce holy obedience among God’s people in order that they receive the reward of salvation.” (see Beale, p. 508; below).

I. We can trust the words of Revelation because they are sent to us by God Himself. [ESV]

vs. 6 And he said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true. And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place.”

The word “true” is alēthinos—meaning “genuine.” The phrase “the God of the spirits of the prophets” is a reference to the divine inspiration of Scripture that has been placed before us in the Revelation of John. II Peter 1:19-21 gives us the method by which prophecy and its written form—Scripture—was given—”men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit” (see sailboat to the left). The Spirit of God kept the writers of Holy Scripture on course as they wrote. The Holy Spirit used human instrument’s education (or lack of it), gifts, talents, writing style, and vocabulary. This is affirmed by the angel speaking to John and the readers of his book. We can trust it because it is true!

Organic view of Inspiration 2

The phrase “things which must soon [en tachei] take place” has been interpreted in several different ways—

(1) En tachei is taken by some to mean “soon in time.” These folks say that John was obviously mistaken about the time of fulfillment. He expected the things in the visions to occur immediately, and they did not. This is the view of liberal commentators.
(2) Others take the phrase en tachei to mean “quickly,” or “speedy.” These folks see this as an assurance of the speed with which the events prophesied will occur when the time for fulfillment comes. This is the view of futurist conservative commentators.
(3) I believe the more accurate view is to take en tachie as “shortly.” The time of fulfillment was to begin immediately after Jesus’ Resurrection, Ascension, and Session—to sit at the right hand of the Father.

“Revelation 1:3 gives us an excellent commentary: the time is at hand, and the symbols begin to be realized immediately.” (see Hendriksen, below.) This is the view of those who hold to a realized millennium (Dr. Jay Adams’ term). 

II. We are blessed by keeping the exhortations written in Revelation. vs. 7

vs. 7 “And behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book.” [ESV]

The word “soon” is the same as the one in the last verse—tachei—meaning “shortly.” The same understanding of the word’s indication of imminent fulfillment and deployment throughout the age of the Church applies. Jesus will come when the time arrives for his coming. Until then, he could come at any moment!

This verse contains the sixth of seven “beatitudes.” The reason for such blessing being promised to the reader is obvious because it is the book which most exalts Jesus Christ. The Greek word for blessed is makairos—The word…expresses a permanent state of felicity, rather than the passive reception of a blessing bestowed by another.

The Seven Beatitudes in Revelation [ESV]

III. Angels give us unseen aid as children of God, but we need to take care so we will not give Angels what is due to God alone. vss. 8-9

vs. 8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me, 9 but he said to me, “You must not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God.”

The revelation of God was mediated through an angel to John. This was the practice of God since OT times. Acts 7:38 51-52 state—

38 This is the one [Moses] who was in the congregation in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him at Mount Sinai, and with our fathers. He received living oracles [logion zaō see § note below] to give to us. … 51 “You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you. 52 Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? And they killed those who announced beforehand the coming of the Righteous One, whom you have now betrayed and murdered, 53 you who received the law as delivered by angels and did not keep it.”


Note on Acts 7:38 in Greek

§ Logion from logos, “word,” but meaning “a divine declaration; a statement originating from God.” Zaō = from which we derive the English word Zoology. The Amplified Bible renders the words—”divine words that still live.” Matthew Poole says this of living oracles—”God’s law and word is so called, as the only rule to walk by unto life, Deuteronomy 32:45-47—

45 And when Moses had finished speaking all these words to all Israel, 46 he said to them, “Take to heart all the words by which I am warning you today, that you may command them to your children, that they may be careful to do all the words of this law. 47 For it is no empty word for you, but your very life, and by this word you shall live long in the land that you are going over the Jordan to possess.” [ESV]

[The living oracles are]…said to be our life; and it is the only ordinary means of a spiritual and holy life, which it begets and preserves.” (see Mattew Poole)


Note that Moses received revelation through angelic mediation. John stands in the same lineage of prophets as Moses, etc, in the OT. However, even he was tempted to go too far. He was tempted to worship the servant of God rather than God himself. If John was so tempted, so too might the readers be. Hence, the Holy Spirit sees fit to warn all against the worship of angels.

The angel doesn’t accept John’s worship. He uses the present imperative of horaō—”take care!”—”to perceive with inward spiritual perception.” (see Bible Hub). He follows the warning by a terse prohibition—don’t!” The negative particle used in these types of prohibitions indicates that the behavior in progress is strictly forbidden—”Stop!”

His kneeling in the previous verse was “for the purpose of worshiping the angel,” but such worship had commenced. The angel recognized what was coming and forbade it. The angel further clarifies his position by the word “fellow-servant.” The word is sundoulos—a fellow slave along with another. In other words, the two—the angel and John—shared the same position before God. John is grouped also with the prophets in this verse as he was in verse 6. Ephesians 2:19-21 declare how Christ’s church was founded—

19 So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God, 20 built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone, 21 in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord.

We will move to part two of the epilogue next week.

Notes
(Commentaries on which I rely without direct quotation) 

Beale, G. K. (2015). Revelation: a Shorter Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Kindle Edition.

ESV. (2001). Accessed 24 June 2020 from https://www.biblegateway.com

Hendriksen, William. More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. (p. 125).

Johnson, A. F. (1982). Revelation in Expositor’s Bible Commentary, ed. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Johnson, D. E. (2001). Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Kenner, C. (2000). The NIV Application Commentary: Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic.

Morris, Leon. (1987). Revelation in Tyndale New Testament Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Poythress, V. (2000). The Returning King: A Guide to the Book of Revelation. Phillipsburg, New Jersey: P&R Publishing. 

WikiMedia Commons for Images

© 2021 C. Richard Barbare All Rights Reserved

Revelation 22: Blessed Life in the New Jerusalem Described, Part 2

Revelation 22:2-5

Image above public domain; “Tree” from public domain pictures net

The application of Revelation 22:1-5 is—

As we read, reread, and meditate on Revelation, our longing for Christ and the place he has prepared for us to dwell with Him ever increases and our church life is transformed into a vision of what we will experience in eternity.


A Look Back

We saw in the last post—

I. We will only achieve full satisfaction of soul and body from complete fellowship with God in eternity. vss. 1-2a

1 Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2a through the middle of the street of the city… .


Now let’s proceed to the other amazing details in Rev. 22:2b-5 about our life in the eternal state.

I also want us to think about how that vision affects our life in the church now. After all, the earthly church (in space and time as much as is possible) ought to reflect the ideals of the Bride of Christ in eternity.


II. All of our past physical needs in our life on earth will be met to the fullest in the New Jerusalem. vs. 2b.

vs. 2b … also, on either side of the river, the tree of life with its twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit each month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

Ought not the church today partially meet the needs of those in its midst? Needs include—

(1) emotional support for those who are hurting; (2) financial help for those who cannot meet their own needs for survival; (3) prayer support for those who are overwhelmed in trial; (4) Bible teaching for those who are church members so they can grow in Christ and in the faith. People need to see Christ in us, so they can be drawn to Him. 

II Corinthians 3 tells of our seeing that glory partially now—Roman Table

15 But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the veil is upon their heart. 16 Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the veil shall be taken away. 17 Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. 18 But we all, with open face beholding as in a [mirror] the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord. [KJV; emphasis mine]

N.B. Mmirrors in the ancient world were on bronze tables. The surface was polished so one could bend over and get an idea if they were ready to go out of their house. (Table right from Pinterest; Photo mharrsch on flickr taken at “Pompeii)


God’s Face is Toward Us. Always!

A young man’s wife had died, leaving him with a small son. Back home from the cemetery, they went to bed early because there was nothing else he could bear to do.

As he lay there in the darkness, grief-stricken and heartbroken, the little boy broke the stillness from his little bed with a disturbing question, “Daddy, where is mommy?”

The father got up and brought the little boy to bed with him, but the child was still disturbed and restless, occasionally asking questions such as, “Why isn’t she here?” and, “When is she coming back?”

Finally the little boy said, “Daddy, if your face is toward me, I think I can go to sleep now.” In a little while, he was quiet.

The father lay there in the darkness, and then in childlike faith, prayed this prayer: “O God, I don’t see how I can survive this. The future looks so miserable, but if Your face is toward me, somehow I think I can make it.”

…God’s face is always toward us. Nothing ever will be able to separate us from His love. Now, that’s real security. (See Moore, J. W., below)

(I had heard this story in a different version long before Pastor James Moore told it, but I think the way he tells it is better than the way I heard it in a past sermon.)

If God’s face is ever toward us in Christ, ought not our face be toward those who come to our church?


John draws upon Ezekiel for his image of the New Jerusalem. He updates the Old Testament prophecies in light of  Jesus death, burial, resurrection and ascension. Ezekiel 47:12 envisions trees on either side of the river, as well as Rev. 22—

12 And on the banks, on both sides of the river, there will grow all kinds of trees for food. Their leaves will not wither, nor their fruit fail, but they will bear fresh fruit every month, because the water for them flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food, and their leaves for healing.”

The presence of trees in Revelation 22 is John’s way of saying that mankind has regained paradise. It was this that mankind forfeited in the fall of Adam. The nations are now healed and made acceptable as a dwelling place for redeemed humanity.

spring_canal_fall_landscape_leaves_nature_outdoors_park.pg!d

Image above is of trees in full bloom on either side of a canal from Mocah HD Wallpapers; public domain.

III. Our life in the New Jerusalem will be free of sin and centered on worship of the Triune God. vs. 3

vs. 3 No longer will there be anything accursed, but the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants will worship him. 

The New Heavens and Earth are released from the effects of Adam’s fall. The ground will no longer cursed by God. God’s dwelling place is in the Holy City.

John uses the word doulos (“slave”) to describe the people of God. They belong to God, and are his property, in the good sense of that term. Those who belong to God are taken care of by Him.

God’s people are said to “serve” him. The Greek word is latreuō “the service of worship.” We derive the word liturgy from latreuō. (Do not confuse it with a Latin word liturgus meaning “a servant of the state or an attendant,” Wiktionary.) The word in Greek means a worshiper of God. This word is used of the priestly service performed in the OT temple. This means that the saints will worship the Lord throughout all eternity, and such worship will not be boring or tedious. 


The Revival of the Church Communicates God’s Presence to People

During the Welsh Revival 1904-1905, a Welsh coal miner was heading home after his shift. It was dark and he saw a light on in the chapel. He opened the door, stuck his head in, and then he withdrew, exclaiming “Oh! God is here.”


We will not be in doubt about who is central in eternity—the Triune God. Ought not our church be centered on God now!


People are Not the Audience at Church

“If you were to eavesdrop on the conversations of churchgoers after a typical worship service, you’d hear comments Kierkegaard_olaviuslike, “I loved the band this morning” or “The choir was a little off” or “The sermon was great” or “Pastor Mark missed it this morning.” If you didn’t know anything about Christian worship, other than what you heard from worshipers on their way home from church, you’d figure that worship is some kind of performance. The churchgoers are the audience (or maybe even the critics). The band, choir, preacher, and other leaders are the performers.” (Kierkegaard pictured right from WikiMedia Commons.)

“According to Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher, God is the audience for worship. Congregational members were the performers. Worship leaders were the prompters.”  (see Audience for Worship, below.)


J. S. Bach said, “All music should have no other end and aim than the glory of God and the soul’s refreshment; where this is not remembered there is no real music but only a devilish hub-bub.”

He headed his compositions: “J. J.” “Jesus Juva” which means “Jesus help me.”

He ended them “S. D. G.” “Soli Dei gratia” which means “To God alone the praise.” (from https://bible.org/illustration/j-s-bach)


We need such musicians for our worship today. We must look to them as prompters, not as performers!

IV. God’s people will be marked as His very own and will live in His presence. vs. 4

vs. 4 They will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads.

In glory we will be able to look on God. However, the Father need not take on human form, nor the Holy Spirit. Jesus already has human form. Other than this explanation, we do not know specifically how this will be fulfilled.This sight of God is called the Beatific Vision—the sight that makes us perfectly blessed!

I John 3:1-2—

1 Behold, what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God: therefore the world knoweth us not, because it knew him not. 2 Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.

Let me suggest two further lines of thought—

(1) The Aaronic blessing may give us further insight into “seeing God’s face.” Numbers 6:24-26—

24 The Lord bless you and keep you; 25 the Lord make his face to shine upon you and be gracious to you; 26
the Lord lift up his countenance upon you and give you peace. [ESV; emphasis mine.]

God’s turning His face toward us is being aware of His presence.

(2) A further idea is given by the Reformers when they used the phrase corem Deo—Latin for “before the face of God.”

“This phrase literally refers to something that takes place in the presence of, or before the face of, God. To live coram Deo is to live one’s entire life in the presence of God, under the authority of God, to the glory of God” (see Sproul Blog, below).

So, all we can say about Rev. 22:4 is to see God’s face is to be overwhelmingly aware of His Holy Presence. If this reflected in the face of Jesus, great.


R. B. Jones, the 1904 Revival in Wales, recalled something of the glory of it.

A sense of the Lord’s presence was everywhere. It pervaded, nay, it created the spiritual atmosphere. It mattered not where one went the consciousness of the reality and nearness of God followed. Felt, of course, in the revival gatherings, it was by no means confined to them; it was also felt in the homes, on the streets, in the mines and factories, in the schools, yea, and even in the theaters and drinking saloons. The strange result was that wherever people gathered became a place of awe, and places of amusement and carousal (revelry) were practically emptied… The pit bottoms and galleries became places of praise and prayer, where the miners gathered to worship ere they dispersed to their several stalls. Even the children of the day schools came under the spell of God. (see Lord’s Presence, below.)


Some things must be left to eternity. We think of the transcendence of God as a Being “way off somewhere.” This is not what transcendence means.


Transcendence of God
(R C Sproul)

“When the Bible speaks of God as transcendent, it is not describing God’s location… . …“up there” or “out there” somewhere. When we say that God is above and beyond the universe, we are saying that He is above and beyond the universe in terms of His being.”(see Sproul Theologian, below).

Let me add: He can be right beside us in location and yet be appreciably different from us and everything around us in creation in His Being. But…when He turns His face toward us, we and all around us are transformed! 

In times of refreshing God let’s His presence appear to us as we are overwhelmed by what he is doing among us. I have had that experience at least once.

When I was nine years old, I went to church camp for the first time. A foreign missionary and our local Baptist Association Missionary spoke. When we sang and the men preached and prayed, I sensed the presence of God in a way I had not done in my local church. My mother told me of similar experiences she had in the late 1940s. It was a heightened sense of God’s presence in our region that lasted through the early 1960s.

V. We will experience in the New Jerusalem the overwhelming, outshining of God’s glory. vs. 5

GodLight2vs. 5 And night will be no more. They will need no light of lamp or sun, for the Lord God will be their light, and they will reign forever and ever.

The day has finally arrived, and will be the experience of redeemed humanity forever. Our present time is often described in Scripture as “night time.” And the time when Jesus appears is described as the “day.” Romans 13:12 says—The night is far gone; the day is at hand. So then let us cast off the works of darkness and put on the armor of light [now!].

I Thessalonians 5:5 points out— For you are all children of light, children of the day. We are not of the night or of the darkness.

II Peter 1:19 describes—

17 For when he received honor and glory from God the Father, and the voice was borne to him by the Majestic Glory, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased,” 18 we ourselves heard this very voice borne from heaven, for we were with him on the holy mountain. 19 And we have the prophetic word more fully confirmed, to which you will do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts, 20 knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone’s own interpretation. 21 For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit. [ESV; emphasis mine]

The Greek word for “carried along” in II Peter 1:21 (pherō) is used of a ship borne along by the wind in its sails in Acts 27:17—

13 Now when the south wind blew gently, supposing that they had obtained their purpose, they weighed anchor and sailed along Crete, close to the shore. 14 But soon a tempestuous wind, called the northeaster, struck down from the land. 15 And when the ship was caught and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and were driven along. 16 Running under the lee of a small island called Cauda, we managed with difficulty to secure the ship’s boat. 17 After hoisting it up, they used supports to undergird the ship. Then, fearing that they would run aground on the Syrtis, they lowered the gear, and thus they were driven along. [ESV; emphasis mine]

Ought we not to pay closer attention to those who were borne along by the Holy Spirit as they wrote the Bible, rather than seeking those today who claim to speak prophecy about day-to-day events?


“The Runaway Bunny”

I quoted from Francis Thompson’s “Hound of Heaven” in the last post. I like another more down-to-earth depiction of love’s relentless pursuit. It is found in the classic children’s book The Runaway Bunny. I first became aware of this children’s book when I saw the movie, “Wit,” staring Emma Thompson and Blythe Danner.

Thompson’s character was a PhD whose scholarly endeavors had made her an expert on the Metaphysical Poets. Her professor who managed her dissertation came to Thompson’s deathbed (stage 5 metastasized cancer) and her professor asked if she wanted her to read from John Donne. A grown comes from her bed, “Noooo!” She then took the children’s book The Runaway Bunny out of her bag. She was taking it to her grandchildren. She read to Thompson’s character from it. Watch the short summary of the scene where Danner reads The Runaway Bunny in the movie WIT.

Brown, Margaret Wise. (1948). The Runaway Bunny (New York: HarperCollins). If you want to read the little children’s book without buy it click here


To be with God and have His face shine upon us will be the greatest blessing of our lives! We can have a smaller encounter as we read God’s Word and pray here and now.

This ends the vision section of the Revelation. I will wrap up the epilogue next.

Notes
(Commentaries on which I rely without direct quotation) 

Audience for Worship. (2014). Who is the audience for worship? Blog. Accessed 20 August 2021 from https://www.theologyofwork.org/the-high-calling/daily-reflection/who-audience-worship

Beale, G. K. (2015). Revelation: a Shorter Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Kindle Edition.

ESV. (2001). Accessed 24 June 2020 from https://www.biblegateway.com

Hendriksen, William. More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. (p. 125).

Johnson, A. F. (1982). Revelation in Expositor’s Bible Commentary, ed. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Johnson, D. E. (2001). Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Kenner, C. (2000). The NIV Application Commentary: Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic.

Lord’s Presence. (2006). The Awareness of God’s Presence in Revival. Blog accessed 20 August 2021 from https://www.sermonindex.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=46877&forum=40

Moore, J. W. (2019). “Presence of God.” Accessed 20 August 2021 from https://www.preaching.com/sermon-illustrations/illustration-presence-of-god-comfort/

Morris, Leon. (1987). Revelation in Tyndale New Testament Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Poythress, V. (2000). The Returning King: A Guide to the Book of Revelation. Phillipsburg, New Jersey: P&R Publishing.

Sproul, R. C. (2014). Everyone’s a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology. Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing. Kindle Edition. 

Sproul Blog. (2017). “What Does “coram Deo” Mean?” Blog. Accessed 20 August 2021 from https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/what-does-coram-deo-mean

WikiMedia Commons for Images (unless otherwise noted)

© 2021 C. Richard Barbare All Rights Reserved

 

Revelation 22: Blessed Life in the New Jerusalem Described, Part 1

Revelation 22:1-5

Image above is “The Garden of Eden,” by Erastus Salisbury Field (1805-1900); in the public domain.

The placing of Revelation 22:1-5 illustrates the arbitrariness of the chapter divisions in the early translations of the Bible into Latin. “From manuscripts dating back to the fourth century, however, some form of chapter divisions were used.” (see Bible.org; below.) The Apostle John is  obviously continuing his description of the Holy City, and these first five verses belong in chapter 21 of Revelation.

John has seen: (1) the New Heavens and Earth, (2) the Bride of the Lamb, (3) the New Jerusalem, and now he sees (4) an Eden-like Garden. The eternal state is described under all these symbols.

new-jerusalem2

“Revelation is designed not only to inform us and assure us about God’s final purposes, but to increase our longing for God and the realization of His purpose. … The final state restores the unbroken, idyllic communion between God and human beings.” (see Poythress, below; emphasis mine.) 

As we read Revelation our longing for Christ and the place he has prepared for us increases.

I. We will only achieve full satisfaction of soul and body from complete fellowship with God in eternity. vss. 1-2

vs. 1 Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb vs. 2 through the middle of the street of the city… .

John shifts his description from the outward features of the Holy City to its internal characteristics.  “John [uses) archetypical (representative) images from Genesis 1-3 and Ezekiel 40ff [to describe the blessedness of the Holy City] . …Metaphors of water and light abound (cf. Isaiah 12:3; Zechariah 14:7-8).” (see Johnson, A F; below.)

In Isaiah 55:1, the image of water is a symbol of salvation”—

1
“Come, everyone who thirsts,
come to the waters;Jesus giving living waters 2
and he who has no money,
come, buy and eat!
Come, buy wine and milk
without money and without price.
2
Why do you spend your money for that which is not bread,
and your labor for that which does not satisfy?
Listen diligently to me, and eat what is good,
and delight yourselves in rich food.

In Ezekiel 47:1 water is used as an image of the renewed earth—

Then he brought me back to the door of the temple, and behold, water was issuing from below the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from below the south end of the threshold of the temple, south of the altar.

In John 4:10-15, Jesus uses water as a symbol of salvation—

10 Jesus answered her, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is that is saying to you, ‘Give me a drink,’ you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water.” 11 The woman said to him, “Sir, you have nothing to draw water with, and the well is deep. Where do you get that living water? 12 Are you greater than our father Jacob? He gave us the well and drank from it himself, as did his sons and his livestock.” 13 Jesus said to her, “Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again, 14 but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again.[a] The water that I will give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life.” 15 The woman said to him, “Sir, give me this water, so that I will not be thirsty or have to come here to draw water.”

Here in Revelation water flows from the throne of God himself and the Lamb. Its effects are for individuals and for the earth itself, as the next verse shows. Salvation includes the renewal of persons and the planet, which is the environment of mankind. Romans 8:19-22 speaks of this so eloquently—

19 For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God. 20 For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth until now.


The Feast of Tabernacles

In John 7:37-39 Jesus invites His hearers to come to Him for the water—

Libation at Feast of Tabernacles37 On the last day of the feast, the great day [eighth day], Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink. 38 Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, ‘Out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.’” 39 Now this he said about the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were to receive, for as yet the Spirit had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified. 

Jewish Customs of the Feast of Tabernacles in the Time of Jesus

On each day the ritual included a libation of water which was taken in a golden vessel from the pool of Siloam, and which was offered by the priests as they sang: “With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation” (Isa. 12:3). (see Tenney, pg. 134; below.)

We get the full significance of the water on the eighth day when no water was poured out, but everyone looked to God to provide the water. It was this point in the festival Jesus made His cry, “If anyone is thirsty let him come unto Me.” (see Knowing Jesus Blog, below.) Thus, we are always dependent upon intimate contact with God through Christ for our soul and body satisfaction.


We need to see that it is God who seeks a personal relationship with us. John 4:23—

But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him. 

Note the Father is seeking worshipers. He wants a personal relationship with us here and now. This is only accomplished through Jesus Christ. 


God’s Pursuit of the Lost

I like Francis Thompson’s poem The Hound of Heaven. “…He wandered the streets of London for several years in his late twenties, living as a vagrant. It was during this period of utter destitution that he was taken in by a missionary, during which time he summoned up his store of inspiration and wrote ‘The Hound Of Heaven’.” (see Life Continuance Blog below.) The poem uses a metaphor of a hound chasing down a hare. “The poem borrows language from the British hunt called Hare Coursing. Hare Coursing is the pursuit of hares by two dogs, predominantly greyhounds.” The image [hound of heaven] was often used by Puritans to refer to God, because it descriptively tells of God’s relentless pursuit of man. (see Abbott, below.)

If the poetry is not your thing, skip it and listen to the modernized version in the film clip below.

Selections from “The Hound of Heaven”
by Francis Thompson (1890)

I fled Him, down the nights and down the days;
I fled Him, down the arches of the years;
I fled Him, down the [meandering] ways
Of my own mind; and in the mist of tears
I hid from Him, and under running laughter.
Up [panoramic] hopes I sped;
And shot, precipitated,
Adown Titanic glooms of chasmèd fears,
From those strong Feet that followed, followed after.

hound-heaven

But with unhurrying chase,
And unperturbèd pace,
Deliberate speed, majestic instancy,
They beat—and a Voice beat
More instant than the Feet—
‘All things [betray] you, who [betray] Me.’

… .

How little worthy of any love [you are]!
Whom [will you] find to love [lowly] you,
Save Me, save only Me?
All which I took from [you] I did but take,
Not for [your] harms,
But just that [you might] seek it in My arms.
All which [your] child’s mistake
Fancies as lost, I have stored for [you] at home:
Rise, clasp My hand, and come!’
Halts by me that footfall:
Is my gloom, after all,
Shade of His hand, outstretched caressingly?
‘Ah, fondest, blindest, weakest,
I am He Whom [you] seekest!
[You chased away] love from [you], who [chased away] Me.’

(see Thompson, below; modernized words in brackets are mine.)
(Image of dog above from Bill Brenner’s blog.)

The film clip below is longer than I usually link to in this Blog, but it is worth listening to!

The film above is a modern adaptation of the poem ‘The Hound of Heaven’ written by Francis Thompson produced by Emblem Media LLC. The book was written by Brian and Sally Oxley, Sonja Oxley Peterson with Dr. Devin Brown. Illustrations by Tim Ladwig. The song based on the poem, “I Finally See,” is available at this blue link → YouTube.


People engaging in addictive behavior are often trying to fill the void in their heart that only Christ can fill (see Confessions by St. Augustine). If Christ is still pursuing us, all we need do is stop running, turn, and embrace Him as our Lord and Savior. In the end we will find Him as our all-in-all. See Psalm 119:65-72 for a description of suffering and hurt and what they did to his life. “The psalmist understands that God afflicted him for a good purpose and, in doing so, took him from disobedience to obedience. God broke him down and brought him to his knees in order to draw him to his Creator in faith and trust.” (see Abbott, below).

Next time we move to 22:3.

Notes
(Commentaries on which I rely without direct quotation) 

Abbott, Shari. (2021). “Is ‘The Hound of Heaven’ a Name for God?” Reasons for Hope blog Accessed 5 August 2021 from https://reasonsforhopejesus.com/is-hound-of-heaven-a-name-for-god/

Allen, C. L. (1987). Home Fires: A Treasury of Wit and Wisdom. Nashville, TN: W. Publishing Group

Apocalyptic. Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House Company. Accessed 26 July 2021 from https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/apocalyptic/

Bible Hub. (2021). 

Bible.org. (2021). “How and when was the Bible divided into chapters and verses?” Accessed 5 August 2021 from https://bible.org/question/how-and-when-was-bible-divided-chapters-and-verses

Beale, G. K. (2015). Revelation: a Shorter Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Kindle Edition.

ESV. (2001). English Standard Version. Accessed 24 June 2020 from https://www.biblegateway.com

Faulkner, N. (2011). The Official Truth: Propaganda in the Roman Empire. Accessed 29 July 2021 from https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romanpropaganda_article_01.shtml

Fee, G. D. (2010). Revelation (New Covenant Commentary Series) Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, an imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers. Kindle version. 

Herrick, G. (2005). The Quiet-Time: What, Why, and How. Accessed 16 July 2021 from https://bible.org/article/quiet-time-what-why-and-how#P10_1647

Hendriksen, William. More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. (p. 125).

Hudgen, R. (2016). Trustworthy Sayings blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://rickhudgens.blogspot.com/2016/10/ punching-holes-in-darkness.html

Knowing Jesus Blog. (2021). “What Does John 7:39 Mean?” blog accessed 6 August 2021 from https://dailyverse.knowing-jesus.com/john-7-37

Illustration Ideas. (n.d.). What Prayer is Not, Blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://illustrationideas.bible/what-prayer-is-not/ 

Jesus Christ Superstar. (2021). Wikipedia accessed 24 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jesus_Christ_Superstar

Johnson, A. F. (1982). Revelation in Expositor’s Bible Commentary. ed. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Johnson, D. E. (2001). Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Kenner, C. (2000). The NIV Application Commentary: Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic.

Lewis, C. S. (1952). Mere Christianity. New York City: NY: The Macmillan Company. 

Life Continuance blog. (n.d.) Accesed 5 August 2021 from http://lifecontinuance.blogspot.com/2011/12/hound-of-heaven.html

Lopez, M. (2014). Thoughts from LIFE 100.3 blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://marialopezlife.blogspot.com/ 2014/05/how-queen-victoria-stood-for-christ.html

May, J. (2015). “You brought Pavement?!” Accessed 26 July 2021 from http://www.ahomewithgod.com/uncategorized/ you-brought-pavement/

Morris, Leon. (1987). Revelation in Tyndale New Testament Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Packer, J. I. (1986). Your Father Loves You. Chicago, IL: Harold Shaw Publishers.

Poythress, V. (2000). The Returning King: A Guide to the Book of Revelation. Phillipsburg, New Jersey: P&R Publishing. 

Sproul, R. C. (2014). Everyone’s a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology. Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing. Kindle Edition. 

Swete, H. B. (1909). Apocalypse of St. John. 3rd Edition. London, UK: MacMillan and Co. Ltd. 

Tenney, M. C. (1948). John: The Gospel of Belief: An Analytic Study of the Text. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans amd Co. Kindle edition.

Theophany. (2021). Wikipedia. Accessed 17 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophany

WikiMedia Commons for Images

© 2021 C. Richard Barbare All Rights Reserved

Revelation 21: The New Jerusalem Described, Part 2

Revelation 21:22-27

Image above is from Royal Choral Society: ‘Hallelujah Chorus’ from Handel’s Messiah, with audience standing. YouTube. 

It is strange to see a scene in the book of Revelation that ends in the wrong chapter. Chapter 22:1-5 should have been included in Chapter 21. So Revelation 21:22-17 is the next to last scene of the New Heavens and New Earth. 

The application of the descriptive sections of the New Jerusalem is—

The use of earthly things to represent heavenly realities is relevant to believers throughout the age of the church. When First Century believers listened to the description of heaven, they would see how different the culture of the New Heavens and Earth is from the one they lived-in in Roman Imperial cities. 

Note carefully Imperial Propaganda differs from the reality of life in the Empire. “The Romans developed a sophisticated world-view which they projected successfully through literature, inscriptions, architecture, art, and elaborate public ceremonial.” (see Faulkner, below.) Note Virgil’s Aeneid as a “mission statement” for the Empire: ‘But you, Roman, must remember that you have to guide the nations by your authority, for this is to be your skill, to graft tradition onto peace, to spare those who submit, but to crush those who resist.’ (Virgil Book 6; lines 851-854.) 

Life was pretty miserable for the underclass in the Roman Colonies. They lived in “high-rise” apartments called Insulae (islands). 

 

“So much of Asia [Minor’s] land was dedicated to producing olive oil and wine for profitable export [to Rome] that its own cities often needed to import grain from Egypt or the Black Sea. Thus while owners and shippers profited, most people in Asia often had to pay higher prices for their food. (see Keener, p. 204-205; below.) Christians in Ephesus with 250,000 people would have longed for the expanse of the New Jerusalem! We ought to long for it more than we do for winning the Powerball Lottery at $500 million. 

So much for Roman patriarchal care of its colonies. The propaganda painted a rosy picture, but the poor and infirm were on their own for means of making a living. One look a the New Heavens and Earth gives us a picture of who really cares for His people—God. 

We need to see today how God’s values differ from our own society’s values.

I. God is our temple in the New Jerusalem. vs. 22 

vs. 22 And I saw no temple in the city, for its temple is the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb. 

The word for “temple” is naos, inner sanctuary. There is no specific sanctuary because the whole city is one. It is  patterned after the perfect cube of the Holy of Hollies as has already been pointed out. 

John 4 tells of worship in the future. 

19 The woman said to him, “Sir, I perceive that you are a prophet. 20 Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in Jerusalem is the place where people ought to worship.” 21 Jesus said to her, “Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you worship the Father. 22 You worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the Jews. 23 But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him. 24 God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.” 

The Samaritan woman changed the subject on Jesus. She wanted to ask where people ought to go to Church? Jesus answered, “People are the Church!” (I’m stretching the verses with the word Church to speak to us today.)  Like the Samaritan woman, we need to get used to the idea of worshiping in Spirit (from a regenerate heart) and in Truth (according to the Scriptures). 

Greek words for temple edited

“The lack of a temple in the new Jerusalem (21:22) contrasts starkly with traditional Jewish expectations of the end time, in which a new temple was the central feature of the city.” (See Keener; p. 497, below; emphasis mine.) As Keener points put even Roman and Greek pagans would have thought this image of the New Heavens and Earth to be strange. All pagan cities had multiple temples to their patron gods and to Augustus Caesar. 

Why no separate temple? God Himself is the temple and all who dwell there are in Him and He in them! This passage doesn’t contradict the passages in the prophets that speak of a temple restored when Messiah comes especially Ezekiel and Isaiah. 

The image of the very end includes the closet possible communion between God and mankind. Let me add, we are warming up for this in time and space when we meet with fellow believers to worship God. 


A Personal Relationship with God 

 

god wants relationship quotation

I believe we need to see the real meaning of John 3:16 “For God so loved the world,  that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” (Alternative translation in margin for ESV—”For this is how God loved the world.”)

Most people interpret the word “so” (houtōs in Greek) as referring to “the great amount of love God had for humans.” I would say the amount of love is not in doubt or in view. Houtōs means “in this way.”) See Biblehub G3779, below.) John is saying that God’s love for humans is expressed in this way—He sent His Son to die for humans. This is why God doesn’t recognize alternative ways to His heaven. I am not free to make up my own way if I don’t like God’s way.

One further thought on personal relationship with God and our prayers. I must realize God isn’t interested in giving me religious experiences; rather, He is interested in a personal relationship with me in time and in eternity. The only way is for us to establish a personal relationship with Him through Jesus Christ. 


The Purpose of Prayer

“The purpose of prayer is not to access the vending machine of God’s blessing. He’s not a Genie of the lamp or [an ATM, materially or spiritually]. Rather, prayer is [consciously] inviting God into our circumstances, into our hopes, into our fears, into our dreams, and into our pain.

“Prayer is not working our way through a grocery list of requests that we desire God to perform or answer the way we expect him to. Prayer allows us to live relationally with God. Living relationally means [we] can learn to talk to God, listen to God, and think about God throughout your day—as [we] wake up in the morning, soak in the tub, drive to our next destination, sit in our favorite chair, go on a walk, compete in a volleyball tournament, or relax in a favorite place of rest.” (see Illustration Ideas, below.) 


II. God is our light in the New Jerusalem vs. 23

vs. 23 And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and its lamp is the Lamb. 

God’s glory (doxa) supplies the light for the city. Compare Isaiah 60:19-20

19 The sun shall be no more your light by day,
nor for brightness shall the moon give you light;
but the Lord will be your everlasting light,
and your God will be your glory.
20 Your sun shall no more go down,
nor your moon withdraw itself;
for the Lord will be your everlasting light,
and your days of mourning shall be ended.


Punching Holes in the Darkness

Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-94), the author of classic books like Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, spent his childhood in Edinburgh, Scotland. Apparently, one evening, when he was a young lamplighterchild, as dusk was turning to darkness, Robert had his face pinned to the window at the front of his house fascinated by the lamplighter coming down the street, with his ladder and burning wick, lighting the old-fashioned gas street lamps and setting them ablaze for the night.

Seeing their son glued to the window, his parents asked him, “Robert, what in the world are you looking at out there?” With great excitement he exclaimed, “Look at that man! He’s punching holes in the darkness!” (see Hudgens, below; picture right is from the site too.)

Our Lord Jesus did that for us in this world by dying on Calvary’s tree and rising from the dead. His teachings are written down for us to give light.  Psalm 119:105 Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.

God will banish darkness forever in the next world. His glory will give us light. 

III. God will receive worship from all nations in the New Jerusalem. vss. 24-26. 

All nationsvs. 24-26 24 By its light will the nations walk, and the kings of the earth will bring their glory into it, 25 and its gates will never be shut by day—and there will be no night there. 26 They will bring into it the glory and the honor of the nations. 

This is a picture of a city bustling with life and activity. (It is not, as we have already seen, a description of the  Millennial kingdom of Christ.) These are the saved out of the nations who enter the new heavens and earth. The Kings of the earth now bring their glory into the city and cast it at the feet of the Lord God Almighty. Freed from self-centeredness, the rulers of the world live for the glory of God. 


Custom and The Hallelujah Chorus from Handel’s Messiah

During the week of her coronation, the beginning of her reign, aka “The Victorian Era”, Victoria was sitting in the Royal  Lodge while Handel’s “Messiah” was being performed. 

The lady-in-waiting came up and said, “Everybody in the room with the exception of the Queen will rise and will remain standing for the duration of the Hallelujah Chorus. It is royal etiquette that the Queen should remain seated.”

When the “Hallelujah Chorus” began, the people rose and stood with their heads bowed. It was obvious that the Queen was deeply moved. 

In spite of the royal etiquette, the young Queen rose and remained standing with her head bowed till the music ended. She said, “No way will I sit in the presence of the King of kings.” (see Lopez, below.) 

Later in life, Queen Victoria said, “I am saved by the letter M!” In I Corinthians 1:26 Paul wrote—”For consider your calling, brothers: not many of you were wise according to worldly standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth.” 

I’m glad he wrote “not many of noble birth, instead of writing not any of noble birth.”

Yet Victoria made sure to honor the Lord of Lords and King of Kings! (see Lopez, below.) 


IV. God will maintain the purity of the New Jerusalem. vs. 27. 

vs. 27 But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who does what is detestable or false, but only those who are written in the Lamb’s book of life. 

This verse disproves universal salvation as propagated by some. God’s offer of salvation is genuinely universal.  However, there will be those who refuse to accept that offer. Those ones who refuse will be excluded from the New  Heavens and Earth. It will be by their own choice that they will not participate in God’s new order.

The Hymn “Jerusalem the Golden” was written by Bernard of Cluny (ca. 1100 to ca. 1199). The melody is from Gustave Holst’s “The Planets:  Jupiter.” The melody is usually sung to the lyrics “I Vow to Thee, My Country,” which I first heard at Princess Diana’s funeral on TV. 

Jerusalem the Golden

Next time, we will move to Chapter 22:1-5 since that passage concludes the subject begun in Chapter 21. 

Notes
(Commentaries on which I rely without direct quotation) 

Allen, C. L. (1987). Home Fires: A Treasury of Wit and Wisdom. Nashville, TN: W. Publishing Group

Apocalyptic. Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House Company. Accessed 26 July 2021 from https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/apocalyptic/

Bible Hub. (2021). G3779 houtō and houtōs. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://biblehub.com/greek/3779.htm

Beale, G. K. (2015). Revelation: a Shorter Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Kindle Edition.

ESV. (2001). English Standard Version. Accessed 24 June 2020 from https://www.biblegateway.com

Faulkner, N. (2011). The Official Truth: Propaganda in the Roman Empire. Accessed 29 July 2021 from https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romanpropaganda_article_01.shtml

Fee, G. D. (2010). Revelation (New Covenant Commentary Series) Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, an imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers. Kindle version. 

Herrick, G. (2005). The Quiet-Time: What, Why, and How. Accessed 16 July 2021 from https://bible.org/article/quiet-time-what-why-and-how#P10_1647

Hendriksen, William. More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. (p. 125).

Hudgen, R. (2016). Trustworthy Sayings blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://rickhudgens.blogspot.com/2016/10/ punching-holes-in-darkness.html

Illustration Ideas. (n.d.). What Prayer is Not, Blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://illustrationideas.bible/what-prayer-is-not/ 

Jesus Christ Superstar. (2021). Wikipedia accessed 24 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jesus_Christ_Superstar

Johnson, A. F. (1982). Revelation in Expositor’s Bible Commentary. ed. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Johnson, D. E. (2001). Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Kenner, C. (2000). The NIV Application Commentary: Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic.

Lewis, C. S. (1952). Mere Christianity. New York City: NY: The Macmillan Company. 

Lopez, M. (2014). Thoughts from LIFE 100.3 blog. Accessed 28 July 2021 from https://marialopezlife.blogspot.com/ 2014/05/how-queen-victoria-stood-for-christ.html

May, J. (2015). “You brought Pavement?!” Accessed 26 July 2021 from http://www.ahomewithgod.com/uncategorized/ you-brought-pavement/

Morris, Leon. (1987). Revelation in Tyndale New Testament Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Packer, J. I. (1986). Your Father Loves You. Chicago, IL: Harold Shaw Publishers.

Sproul, R. C. (2014). Everyone’s a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology. Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing. Kindle Edition. 

Swete, H. B. (1909). Apocalypse of St. John. 3rd Edition. London, UK: MacMillan and Co. Ltd. 

Theophany. (2021). Wikipedia. Accessed 17 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophany

WikiMedia Commons for Images

© 2021 C. Richard Barbare All Rights Reserved

Revelation 21: The New Jerusalem Described, Part 1

Revelation 21:19-21

I titled this post, “The New Jerusalem Described.” Well, it is described, but the description is symbolic in apocalyptic images. This is why Revelation is not a simple book. It is not interpreted with news of current events  in one  hand and the Bible in the other.

“Apocalyptic is a type of biblical literature that emphasizes the lifting of the veil between heaven and earth and the revelation of God and his plan for the world. Later apocalypses [e.g. Revelation] often build upon and elaborate the symbolism employed by earlier ones, such as the Old Testament. This is particularly the case in the Book of Revelation, in which not only earlier apocalypses but the whole Old Testament is plundered for ideas and symbols. Readers need to be alert to discern allusions.” (see Apocalyptic, below.)

I might add, if  we look to current events, we eisegete [read a foreign meaning into] the book of Revelation instead of exegete it [bring the meaning out of the text itself]. 


An experience in High School 

I was a senior in High School when Andrew Lloyd Webber released his album about the story of Jesus. “Jesus Christ Superstar” is a 1970 rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. At first, the pitch for a stage production had not obtained enough investors, so Webber released the musical album to the public. Interest in the album soared and created enough investors for a stage production by the same name. The spirit of the age in the 1960s was one of resistance to authority and desire to reinterpret the Bible as outdated for modern man. 

“[Superstar] interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters. Much of the plot centers on Judas, who is dissatisfied with the direction in which Jesus is steering his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities and slang pervade the rock opera’s lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events. Stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms.” (see Jesus Christ Superstar, below.) 

Jesus Christ Superstar

Image from a Danish 2013 production of Superstar. Image by Jansroos – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29122761

Most everyone in the Bible-belt realized that the music did not fit the Scriptural image of Jesus Christ and his disciples from the Four Gospels. However, younger teachers were interested in studying current writings instead of reading the Western Canon of Literature. My English teacher was interested in denigrating the Biblical account.

I remembered hearing the song by Herod from Superstar—

Herod’s Song from Superstar

Superstar albumJesus, I am overjoyed to meet you face to face.
You’ve been getting quite a name all around the place
Healing cripples, raising from the dead.
Now I understand you’re God.
At least that’s what you’ve said.

Jesus, you just won’t believe the hit you’ve made round here
You are all we talk about, you’re the wonder of the year!
Oh, what a pity if it’s all a lie.
Still, I’m sure that you can rock the cynics if you try.

So if you are the Christ yes, the great Jesus Christ,
Prove to me that you’re no fool, walk across my swimming pool.
If you do that for me, then I’ll let you go free.
C’mon, king of the Jews!
(Lyrics from https://genius.com/Jesus-christ-superstar-cast-king-herods-song-lyrics)
(Album cover right is from Amazon.)

This one shortened quotation is about all I can stand. (See YouTube if you want the music.) It captures the spirit of a generation that was set on overturning all conventional beliefs.

Our class discussion went from Superstar to criticism of the Bible itself. I remember one particular criticism, “Why do people in heaven need all that gold and those precious stones, anyway?” 

I was still relatively young and could not fully enter into defense of the Bible that I believed to be the Word of God. I have since learned a bit more about the Scriptures. The precious metals and valuable stones are so plentiful there, they use them as building materials. John throws our world upside-down in his writings. The values of heaven are opposite to our values here on earth. (More on this below.)


The application of the descriptive sections of the New Jerusalem is—

The use of earthly things to represent heavenly realities is relevant to believers of all ages. When they listen to the description of heaven, they see how different the culture is there from the one they live-in in the cities. 

We can see today how God’s values differ from our own society’s values. 

I. Jewels and gold symbolize the brilliance of glory of God. vs. 18 

vs. 18 The wall was built of jasper, while the city was pure gold, like clear glass. 

Realize that the image of heaven does not say they handed each person who entered the city gold and precious jewels. If Angels did that for the ones entering heaven, it would be like giving someone down here tar and gravel for their anniversary. How would that go for us? 

John sees the New Heavens and New Earth as fulfillment of Isaiah 54:11-12—

11 “O afflicted one, storm-tossed and not comforted, behold, I will set your stones in antimony, and lay your foundations  with sapphires. 12 I will make your pinnacles of agate, your gates of carbuncles, and all your wall of precious stones. 

Such metals and stones were only used in temples and in the homes of the rich elites in Roman times. Such riches told Roman citizens: “If you live for the glory of Rome, you’ll be on the side of the world’s most wealthy and powerful empire. If not, you’ll face the soldiers of Rome.” If we refuse to live for the glory of any country or alliance today, we might find ourselves out of a job or without previous friends. 


What a Man Wanted to Take to Heaven

A pastor once heard a story that was intended to express how heaven’s riches are beyond measure. It was a story about a rich man who was near death. He grieved because he had worked so hard and wanted to carry his riches with him.

Bag of Gold CoinsThe rich man pleaded with God and was allowed by God to bring one bag. Overjoyed, he loaded a small bag full of gold coins. Upon arrival at heaven, he was checking in and was told by [the Angel at the Gate] the bag would not be allowed. He insisted that he had permission. Things were checked on, and it was found that he did have approval from God.

When the bag was opened to see what was so needed by the man, those around exclaimed, “You brought pavement?!”

Imagine a place that is so vast in its riches that gold is used as its pavement! (See May, below.) 


God’s glory is fully visible in the city. Only what is rare or in short supply on earth can furnish images for us to understand the value of heaven’s riches. 

II. The foundations of the city are made of jewels symbolizing the Bride’s privilege of reflecting the glory of God. vss. 19-20 

vs. 19 The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with every kind of jewel. The first was jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald, 20 the fifth onyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst.

All of these images emphasize the beauty of the city. God is certainly one who appreciates beauty and symmetry. The  word for “decorated” is kosmeō from which we derive the English word cosmetic. It means “to set in order,” “to adorn,”  or “to decorate.” Most commentators refer to Aaron’s Breastplate in interpreting the jewels. 

Breastplate_on_the_front_of_the_central_Sephardic

← Breastplate on the front of the central Sephardic synagogue in Ramat Gan. Image by Dr. Avishai Teicher Pikiwiki, Israel from Wikipedia)

Exodus 28:29-30 help explain the stones.

29 So Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of judgment on his heart, when he goes into the Holy Place, to bring them to regular remembrance before the Lord. 30 And in the breastpiece of judgment you shall put the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be on Aaron’s heart, when he goes in before the Lord. Thus Aaron shall bear the judgment of the people of Israel on his heart before the Lord regularly.

“The jewels of Aaron’s breastpiece are transferred to the foundation stones of the new Jerusalem because the breastpiece was meant to be a miniature version or replica of the Holy of Holies, being made of the same colored material and in the same square shape.” (See Beale, p. 486-7; below.) 

 

III. The gates are of huge Pearls signifying the majestic glory of Christ in His victory over sin, the flesh, and the Devil. vs. 21.  

vs. 21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls, each of the gates made of a single pearl, and the street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.

“Pearl” is margarites (Margaret)—a smooth, hard white or bluish-gray round substance from oysters. They were considered far  more valuable in the ancient world than it is today. The OT does not mention pearls in connection with the new heavens and new earth. However, Rabbinic sources do mention them in connection with the age to come. The gates of pearl speak of the spectacular victory of Christ in His death, burial, resurrection, and His sitting down on the right hand of the Father in splendor and majesty.

Gold is transparent when refined of all of its impurities. The above description emphasizes the glory of God, so
visible in the city. “Further, if there were no walls, there would be no description of the splendid gates! Gates provided cities in Asia Minor and elsewhere the best opportunities to flaunt ‘imperial triumphal architecture’; without these gates, Revelation would miss an opportunity to reapply biblical symbolism in its specifically Christocentric way.” (see Keener, p. 495; below.) 

I like the Song “Jerusalem” by CityAlight, St. Paul’s Anglican Church, Castle Hill, Sydney, Australia. It covers the Gospel story, and the last verses project into the future when Jesus Christ will be on the throne in the New Jerusalem. As Yogi Berra said, “It ain’t over ’til it’s over!” 

Such a glorious future should help Christians to stand firm in troubled times. Philippians 3 says all we need to hear to stand firm today in persecution. 

20 But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21 who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power that enables him even to subject all things to himself.

Next time we will conclude chapter 21:22-27. 

Notes
(Commentaries on which I rely without direct quotation) 

Allen, C. L. (1987). Home Fires: A Treasury of Wit and Wisdom. Nashville, TN: W. Publishing Group

Apocalyptic. Baker’s Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House Company. Accessed 26 July 2021 from https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/apocalyptic/

Beale, G. K. (2015). Revelation: a Shorter Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Kindle Edition.

ESV. (2001). Accessed 24 June 2020 from https://www.biblegateway.com

Fee, G. D. (2010). Revelation (New Covenant Commentary Series) Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, an imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers. Kindle version. 

Herrick, G. (2005). The Quiet-Time: What, Why, and How. Accessed 16 July 2021 from https://bible.org/article/quiet-time-what-why-and-how#P10_1647

Hendriksen, William. More Than Conquerors: An Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Publishing Group. Kindle Edition. (p. 125).

Jesus Christ Superstar. (2021). Wikipedia accessed 24 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jesus_Christ_Superstar

Johnson, A. F. (1982). Revelation in Expositor’s Bible Commentary, ed. Gaebelein. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Johnson, D. E. (2001). Triumph of the Lamb: A Commentary on Revelation. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishers. Kindle Edition.

Kenner, C. (2000). The NIV Application Commentary: Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic.

Lewis, C. S. (1952). Mere Christianity. New York City: NY: The Macmillan Company. 

May, J. (2015). “You brought Pavement?!” Accessed 26 July 2021 from http://www.ahomewithgod.com/uncategorized/ you-brought-pavement/

Morris, Leon. (1987). Revelation in Tyndale New Testament Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Packer, J. I. (1986). Your Father Loves You. Chicago, IL: Harold Shaw Publishers.

Sproul, R. C. (2014). Everyone’s a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology. Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing. Kindle Edition. 

Swete, H. B. (1909). Apocalypse of St. John. 3rd Edition. London, UK: MacMillan and Co. Ltd. 

Theophany. (2021). Wikipedia. Accessed 17 July 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophany

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